Weaving is a cultural practice passed down through generations for many indigenous groups in the Philippines. Among these groups, the Yakan people of Basilan in Mindanao are well known for their admirable skills and techniques in weaving textiles called tennun.
Using a backstrap loom, Yakan weavers produce a beautiful variety of tennun expressing their tradition. These weaves preserve collective ancestral memories, and the Yakan people’s cultural identity is strengthened through vibrant colors and geometric designs woven into the cloth, connecting the past and present generations of weavers.
Nature and Innovation
Yakan weavers originally used fibers derived from abaca and pineapple, dying them with natural extracts to create textiles. This painstaking procedure produced deep, earthy colors and guaranteed the fabric’s durability. In addition to its practical significance, this tradition reflects the deep relationship that the Yakan people maintain with the natural world. However, due to demand, materials changed toward mass production, speeding up the weaving process to satisfy the expanding need.
Yet, despite these changes, Yakan textiles have never lost their charm. Whether kept in its original form or creatively reimagined, the Yakan weaves remain relevant. They have found their place in modern Filipino attire, accessories, and home décor, seamlessly blending tradition with contemporary aesthetics.
The Cultural Soul of Yakan Tennun
A fascinating study conducted by scholars from Basilan State College, led by Saddam L. Pacio, explores the deep cultural significance of the Yakan tennun. The research highlights three key themes that shape its cultural essence: tradition and legacy, spirituality and symbolism, and community and resilience. These themes not only showcase the rich history behind the tennun but also emphasize its enduring importance in the lives of the Yakan people, connecting them to their past, their spirituality, and the strength found within their community.
Yakan tennun’s deep pride and sense of identity are highlighted by the first theme, tradition, and heritage. Weavers regard their craft as a sacred heirloom that has been passed down through the years and as an integral part of their identity.
The second element, spirituality, and symbolism, shows how weaving is considered a sacred journey that cultivates a relationship with the spirit world and ancestors. In addition to being ornamental, patterns and motifs have symbolic connotations that are representative of the Yakan worldview. Certain colors generate feelings and moods, while shapes symbolize aspects of nature.
The third theme, community, and resilience, highlights the social and emotional strength fostered through weaving. The Yakan tennun is often woven in groups, encouraging solidarity and camaraderie among the weavers.
A Family’s Dedication to the Loom
Amid the evolving and challenging modern times, one family remains a bearer of tradition. Originally from Basilan, Saripa Ahaddas Ilul, a fourth-generation weaver, learned the art of tennun weaving from her mother. She started as an independent weaver, working tirelessly without a physical store. In 2000, Saripa and her husband took a leap of faith and opened their first shop. Saripa focuses on weaving, and her husband Brainy on tailoring. Their journey was not without hardship. But their passion and the unwavering support of their family and community carried them through.
The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 brought unforeseen challenges, including the temporary closure of the family’s weaving shop in Yakan Village, Zamboanga City. But rather than give up, the family saw an opportunity to evolve amidst the global upheaval. Sha-iya Ahaddas Ilul spearheaded the transition to a digital platform, launching the Likhang Yakan brand on Instagram. This innovative move helped them stay connected with their customers despite the uncertainties of the pandemic.
From Loom to Lifestyle and Fashion
More than an enterprise, Likhang Yakan embodies the spirit of cultural resilience. Their work breathes new life, transforming traditional textiles into modern lifestyle pieces. From handwoven table runners and coasters to elegant clothing and accessories, Likhang Yakan seamlessly blends heritage with contemporary design.
Help sustain the Yakan weaving tradition. You can connect with Likhang Yakan through their social media pages on Instagram and Facebook, or visit their shops at various arts and crafts fairs across Metro Manila, the Visayas, and Mindanao.
(All photos in this blog appear with permission from Likhang Yakan.)